The libero in volleyball: role and rules
The libero is a passing and defense specialist, introduced to volleyball in the late 1990s. They play only in the back row and have their own set of rules.
Updated:
Who does the libero replace?
The libero may replace any back-row player. In practice they usually come in for the middles, who are great blockers but weaker passers. Libero replacements do not count towards the six substitutions per set, but a rally must be played between two replacements.
What may the libero not do?
- serve (under FIVB rules)
- block or attempt to block
- attack a ball that is entirely above the top of the net at the moment of contact
- stay on court when their rotational spot moves to the front row
Libero setting
The libero may set. But if they set overhand with their fingers inside the front zone (in front of the 3 m line), a teammate may not attack that ball above the net. A forearm set, or one from behind the 3 m line, has no such restriction.
Different jersey, two liberos
The libero wears a jersey in a contrasting colour so the referees can spot them instantly. A team may register two liberos for a match, but only one is on court at a time.
Where does the libero stand?
In serve receive the libero is usually in the middle of the formation, and after the switch they defend zone 5 (left back). See it in the trainer.
See it on court
Open in the 3D trainer ▶Frequently asked questions
- Can the libero serve?
- Not under FIVB rules. Some national or school competitions have their own rules, so check your league’s regulations.
- How often can the libero come in?
- As often as needed, but a rally must be played between two libero replacements.
- Why does the libero wear a different jersey?
- So the referees can see at once who the libero is and enforce their restrictions.